MyShaarli/doc/md/dev/Development.md

# Development

Please read [Contributing to Shaarli](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/tree/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)

## Guidelines


- [Unit tests](Unit-tests)
- Javascript linting - Shaarli uses [Airbnb JavaScript Style Guide](https://github.com/airbnb/javascript).
Run `make eslint` to check JS style.
- [GnuPG signature](GnuPG-signature) for tags/releases


## Third-party libraries

CSS:

- Yahoo UI [CSS Reset](http://yuilibrary.com/yui/docs/cssreset/) - standardize cross-browser rendering

Javascript:

- [Awesomeplete](https://leaverou.github.io/awesomplete/) ([GitHub](https://github.com/LeaVerou/awesomplete)) - autocompletion in input forms
- [bLazy](http://dinbror.dk/blazy/) ([GitHub](https://github.com/dinbror/blazy)) - lazy loading for thumbnails
- [qr.js](http://neocotic.com/qr.js/) ([GitHub](https://github.com/neocotic/qr.js)) - QR code generation

PHP (managed through [`composer.json`](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/blob/master/composer.json)):

- [RainTPL](https://github.com/rainphp/raintpl) - HTML templating for PHP
- [`shaarli/netscape-bookmark-parser`](https://packagist.org/packages/shaarli/netscape-bookmark-parser) - Import bookmarks from Netscape files
- [`erusev/parsedown`](https://packagist.org/packages/erusev/parsedown) - Parse MarkDown syntax for the MarkDown plugin
- [`slim/slim`](https://packagist.org/packages/slim/slim) - Handle routes and middleware for the REST API
- [`ArthurHoaro/web-thumbnailer`](https://github.com/ArthurHoaro/web-thumbnailer) - PHP library which will retrieve a thumbnail for any given URL
- [`pubsubhubbub/publisher`](https://github.com/pubsubhubbub/php-publisher) - A PubSubHubbub publisher module for PHP.
- [`gettext/gettext`](https://github.com/php-gettext/Gettext) - PHP library to collect and manipulate gettext (.po, .mo, .php, .json, etc)


## Security

- The password is salted, hashed and stored in the data subdirectory, in a PHP file, and protected by htaccess. Even if the webserver does not support htaccess, the hash is not readable by URL. Even if the .php file is stolen, the password cannot deduced from the hash. The salt prevents rainbow-tables attacks.
- Directories are protected using `.htaccess` files
- Forms are protected against [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery):
    - Forms which act on data (save,delete…) contain a token generated by the server.
    - Any posted form which does not contain a valid token is rejected.
    - Any token can only be used once.
    - Tokens are attached to the session and cannot be reused in another session.
- Sessions automatically expire after 60 minutes.
- Sessions are protected against hijacking: the session ID cannot be used from a different IP address.
- Links are stored as an associative array which is serialized, compressed (with deflate), base64-encoded and saved as a comment in a `.php` file - even if the server does not support `.htaccess` files, the data file will still not be readable by URL.
- Bruteforce protection: Successful and failed login attempts are logged - IP bans are enforced after a configurable amount of failures. Logs can also be used consumed by [fail2ban](../Server-configuration.md#fail2ban)
- A pop-up notification is shown when a new release is available.

## Link structure

Every link available through the `LinkDB` object is represented as an array
containing the following fields:

  * `id` (integer): Unique identifier.
  * `title` (string): Title of the link.
  * `url` (string): URL of the link. Used for displayable links (without redirector, url encoding, etc.).
           Can be absolute or relative for Notes.
  * `real_url` (string): Real destination URL, can be redirected, encoded, etc.
  * `shorturl` (string): Permalink small hash.
  * `description` (string): Link text description.
  * `private` (boolean): whether the link is private or not.
  * `tags` (string): all link tags separated by a single space
  * `thumbnail` (string|boolean): relative path of the thumbnail cache file, or false if there isn't any.
  * `created` (DateTime): link creation date time.
  * `updated` (DateTime): last modification date time.

Small hashes are used to make a link to an entry in Shaarli. They are unique: the date of the item (eg. `20110923_150523`) is hashed with CRC32, then converted to base64 and some characters are replaced. They are always 6 characters longs and use only `A-Z a-z 0-9 - _` and `@`.


## Directory structure

Here is the directory structure of Shaarli and the purpose of the different files:

```bash
	index.php        # Main program
	application/     # Shaarli classes
		├── LinkDB.php

        ...

		└── Utils.php
	tests/           # Shaarli unitary & functional tests
		├── LinkDBTest.php

        ...

		├── utils    # utilities to ease testing
		│   └── ReferenceLinkDB.php
		└── UtilsTest.php
	assets/
	    ├── common/                # Assets shared by multiple themes
	        ├── ...
        ├── default/               # Assets for the default template, before compilation
            ├── fonts/                  # Font files
            ├── img/                    # Images used by the default theme
            ├── js/                     # JavaScript files in ES6 syntax
            ├── scss/                   # SASS files
        └── vintage/               # Assets for the vintage template, before compilation
            └── ...
    COPYING          # Shaarli license
    inc/             # static assets and 3rd party libraries
        └── rain.tpl.class.php     # RainTPL templating library
    images/          # Images and icons used in Shaarli
    data/            # data storage: bookmark database, configuration, logs, banlist...
        ├── config.json.php        # Shaarli configuration (login, password, timezone, title...)
        ├── datastore.php          # Your link database (compressed).
        ├── ipban.php              # IP address ban system data
        ├── lastupdatecheck.txt    # Update check timestamp file
        └── log.txt                # login/IPban log.
    tpl/             # RainTPL templates for Shaarli. They are used to build the pages.
        ├── default/               # Default Shaarli theme
            ├── fonts/                  # Font files
            ├── img/                    # Images
            ├── js/                     # JavaScript files compiled by Babel and compatible with all browsers
            ├── css/                    # CSS files compiled with SASS
        └── vintage/               # Legacy Shaarli theme
            └── ...
    cache/           # thumbnails cache
                     # This directory is automatically created. You can erase it anytime you want.
    tmp/             # Temporary directory for compiled RainTPL templates.
                     # This directory is automatically created. You can erase it anytime you want.
    vendor/          # Third-party dependencies. This directory is created by Composer
```

Shaarli needs read access to:

- the root index.php file
- the `application/`, `plugins/` and `inc/` directories (recursively)

Shaarli needs read/write access to the `cache/`, `data/`, `pagecache/`, and `tmp/` directories


## Automation

A [`Makefile`](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/blob/master/Makefile) is available to perform project-related operations:

- [Static analysis](#Static-analysis) - check that the code is compliant to PHP conventions
- [Unit tests](#Unit-tests) - ensure there are no regressions introduced by new commits
- Documentation - generate a local HTML copy of the markdown documentation

### Continuous Integration

[Github Actions](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/actions) is a Continuous Integration build server, that runs a build:

- each time a commit is pushed to any branch
- each time a Pull Request is submitted or updated

After all jobs have finished, Github Actions returns the results to GitHub:

- a status icon represents the result for the `master` branch: [![Build Status](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/actions)
- Pull Requests are updated with the Github Actions build result.

Github Actions is also used to build and push [Docker](../Docker.md) images to <https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/pkgs/container/shaarli> for the `master` branch and on every git `tag`/[release](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/releases).

See [`.github/workflows/`](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/tree/master/.github/workflows).


### Documentation

[mkdocs](https://www.mkdocs.org/) is used to convert markdown documentation to HTML pages. The [public documentation](https://shaarli.readthedocs.io/en/master/) website is rendered and hosted by [readthedocs.org](https://readthedocs.org/). A copy of the documentation is also included in prebuilt [release archives](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/releases) (`doc/html/` path in your Shaarli installation). To generate the HTML documentation locally, install a recent version of Python `setuptools` and run `make doc`.


## Static analysis

Patches should try to stick to the [PHP Standard Recommendations](http://www.php-fig.org/psr/) (PSR), and must follow:

- [PSR-1](http://www.php-fig.org/psr/psr-1/) - Basic Coding Standard
- [PSR-2](http://www.php-fig.org/psr/psr-2/) - Coding Style Guide
- [PSR-12](http://www.php-fig.org/psr/psr-12/) - Extended Coding Style Guide

These are enforced on pull requests using our Continuous Integration tools with [PHP Code Sniffer](https://github.com/squizlabs/PHP_CodeSniffer).

Static analysis tools are installed with Composer dependencies, and used through Shaarli's [Makefile](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/blob/master/Makefile) with `make code_sniffer`.

For an overview of the available features, see:

- [Code quality: Makefile to run static code checkers](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/pull/124) (#124)
- [Apply PHP Code Sniffer to Shaarli code base](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/pull/1635) (#1635)