2015-07-22 05:02:10 +02:00
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< title > Shaarli - Server configuration< / title >
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< div id = "local-sidebar" >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "Home.html" > Home< / a > < / li >
< li > Installation
< ul >
< li > < a href = "Server-requirements.html" > Server requirements< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Server-configuration.html" > Server configuration< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Shaarli-configuration.html" > Shaarli configuration< / a > < / li >
< / ul > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Usage.html" > Usage< / a >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "Sharing-button.html" > Sharing button< / a > (bookmarklet)< / li >
< li > < a href = "Firefox-share.html" > Firefox share< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "RSS-feeds.html" > RSS feeds< / a > < / li >
< / ul > < / li >
< li > How To
< ul >
< li > < a href = "Backup,-restore,-import-and-export.html" > Backup, restore, import and export< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Copy-an-existing-installation-over-SSH-and-serve-it-locally.html" > Copy an existing installation over SSH and serve it locally< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Download-CSS-styles-from-an-OPML-list.html" > Download CSS styles from an OPML list< / a > < / li >
2015-08-18 00:33:25 +02:00
< li > < a href = "Datastore-hacks.html" > Datastore hacks< / a > < / li >
2015-07-22 05:02:10 +02:00
< / ul > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Troubleshooting.html" > Troubleshooting< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Development.html" > Development< / a >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "GnuPG-signature.html" > GnuPG signature< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Coding-guidelines.html" > Coding guidelines< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Directory-structure.html" > Directory structure< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "3rd-party-libraries.html" > 3rd party libraries< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Plugin-System.html" > Plugin System< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Security.html" > Security< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Static-analysis.html" > Static analysis< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Theming.html" > Theming< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Unit-tests.html" > Unit tests< / a > < / li >
< / ul > < / li >
< li > About
< ul >
< li > < a href = "FAQ.html" > FAQ< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "Community-&-Related-software.html" > Community & Related software< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "TODO.html" > TODO< / a > < / li >
< / ul > < / li >
< / ul >
< / div >
< h1 id = "server-configuration" > Server configuration< / h1 >
< p > < em > Example virtual host configurations for popular web servers< / em > < / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "#apache" > Apache< / a > < a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#lighthttpd" > LightHttpd< / a > (empty)< a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "#nginx" > Nginx< / a > < a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "prerequisites" > Prerequisites< / h2 >
< ul >
< li > Shaarli is installed in a directory readable/writeable by the user< / li >
< li > the correct read/write permissions have been granted to the web server < em > user and/or group< / em > < / li >
< li > for HTTPS / SSL:< / li >
< li > a key pair (public, private) and a certificate have been generated< / li >
< li > the appropriate server SSL extension is installed and active< / li >
< / ul >
< p > Related guides:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "http://www.xenocafe.com/tutorials/linux/centos/openssl/self_signed_certificates/index.php" > How to Create Self-Signed SSL Certificates with OpenSSL< / a > < a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "https://workaround.org/certificate-authority" > How do I create my own Certificate Authority?< / a > < a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< h2 id = "apache" > Apache< / h2 >
< h3 id = "minimal" > Minimal< / h3 >
< pre class = "sourceCode apache" > < code class = "sourceCode apache" > < span class = "fu" > < VirtualHost< / span > < span class = "ot" > *:80< / span > < span class = "fu" > > < / span >
ServerName< span class = "st" > shaarli.my-domain.org< / span >
DocumentRoot< span class = "st" > /absolute/path/to/shaarli/< / span >
< span class = "fu" > < /VirtualHost> < / span > < / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "debug---log-all-the-things" > Debug - Log all the things!< / h3 >
< p > This configuration will log both Apache and PHP errors, which may prove useful to identify server configuration errors.< / p >
< p > See:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "http://stackoverflow.com/q/176" > Apache/PHP - error log per VirtualHost< / a > (StackOverflow)< a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "PHP:%20php_value%20vs%20php_admin_value%20and%20the%20use%20of%20php_flag%20explained" > PHP: php_value vs php_admin_value and the use of php_flag explained< / a > < a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< pre class = "sourceCode apache" > < code class = "sourceCode apache" > < span class = "fu" > < VirtualHost< / span > < span class = "ot" > *:80< / span > < span class = "fu" > > < / span >
ServerName< span class = "st" > shaarli.my-domain.org< / span >
DocumentRoot< span class = "st" > /absolute/path/to/shaarli/< / span >
< span class = "ot" > LogLevel< / span > < span class = "ch" > < / span > < span class = "kw" > warn< / span >
ErrorLog< span class = "st" > /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log< / span >
CustomLog< span class = "st" > /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined< / span >
php_flag log_errors on
php_flag display_errors on
php_value error_reporting 2147483647
php_value error_log /var/log/apache2/shaarli-php-error.log
< span class = "fu" > < /VirtualHost> < / span > < / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "standard---keep-access-and-error-logs" > Standard - Keep access and error logs< / h3 >
< pre class = "sourceCode apache" > < code class = "sourceCode apache" > < span class = "fu" > < VirtualHost< / span > < span class = "ot" > *:80< / span > < span class = "fu" > > < / span >
ServerName< span class = "st" > shaarli.my-domain.org< / span >
DocumentRoot< span class = "st" > /absolute/path/to/shaarli/< / span >
< span class = "ot" > LogLevel< / span > < span class = "ch" > < / span > < span class = "kw" > warn< / span >
ErrorLog< span class = "st" > /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log< / span >
CustomLog< span class = "st" > /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined< / span >
< span class = "fu" > < /VirtualHost> < / span > < / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "paranoid---redirect-http-80-to-https-443" > Paranoid - Redirect HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443)< / h3 >
< p > See < a href = "https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Apache" > Server-side TLS< / a > (Mozilla).< a href = ".html" > < / a > < / p >
< pre class = "sourceCode apache" > < code class = "sourceCode apache" > < span class = "fu" > < VirtualHost< / span > < span class = "ot" > *:443< / span > < span class = "fu" > > < / span >
ServerName< span class = "st" > shaarli.my-domain.org< / span >
DocumentRoot< span class = "st" > /absolute/path/to/shaarli/< / span >
< span class = "ot" > SSLEngine< / span > < span class = "ch" > < / span > < span class = "kw" > on< / span >
SSLCertificateFile< span class = "st" > /absolute/path/to/the/website/certificate.crt< / span >
SSLCertificateKeyFile< span class = "st" > /absolute/path/to/the/website/key.key< / span >
< span class = "fu" > < Directory< / span > < span class = "ot" > /absolute/path/to/shaarli/< / span > < span class = "fu" > > < / span >
< span class = "ot" > AllowOverride< / span > < span class = "ch" > < / span > < span class = "kw" > All< / span >
< span class = "ot" > Options< / span > < span class = "ch" > < / span > < span class = "kw" > Indexes< / span > < span class = "ch" > < / span > < span class = "kw" > FollowSymLinks< / span > < span class = "ch" > < / span > < span class = "kw" > MultiViews< / span >
< span class = "ot" > Order< / span > < span class = "ch" > < / span > < span class = "kw" > allow,deny< / span >
allow< span class = "st" > from all< / span >
< span class = "fu" > < /Directory> < / span >
< span class = "ot" > LogLevel< / span > < span class = "ch" > < / span > < span class = "kw" > warn< / span >
ErrorLog< span class = "st" > /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log< / span >
CustomLog< span class = "st" > /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined< / span >
< span class = "fu" > < /VirtualHost> < / span >
< span class = "fu" > < VirtualHost< / span > < span class = "ot" > *:80< / span > < span class = "fu" > > < / span >
ServerName< span class = "st" > shaarli.my-domain.org< / span >
Redirect< span class = "st" > 301 / https://shaarli.my-domain.org< / span >
< span class = "ot" > LogLevel< / span > < span class = "ch" > < / span > < span class = "kw" > warn< / span >
ErrorLog< span class = "st" > /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log< / span >
CustomLog< span class = "st" > /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined< / span >
< span class = "fu" > < /VirtualHost> < / span > < / code > < / pre >
< h2 id = "lighthttpd" > LightHttpd< / h2 >
< h2 id = "nginx" > Nginx< / h2 >
< h3 id = "foreword" > Foreword< / h3 >
< p > Nginx does not natively interpret PHP scripts; to this effect, we will run a < a href = "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastCGI" > FastCGI< / a > service, to which Nginx's FastCGI module will proxy all requests to PHP resources.< a href = ".html" > < / a > < / p >
< p > Required packages:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "http://nginx.org" > nginx< / a > < a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "http://php-fpm.org" > php-fpm< / a > - PHP FastCGI Process Manager< a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< p > Official documentation:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html" > Beginner's guide< / a > < a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html" > ngx_http_fastcgi_module< / a > < a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls" > Pitfalls< / a > < a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< p > Community resources:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < a href = "https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Nginx" > Server-side TLS (Nginx)< / a > (Mozilla)< a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "http://kbeezie.com/nginx-configuration-examples/" > PHP configuration examples< / a > (Karl Blessing)< a href = ".html" > < / a > < / li >
< / ul >
< h3 id = "common-setup" > Common setup< / h3 >
< p > Once Nginx and PHP-FPM are installed, we need to ensure:< / p >
< ul >
< li > Nginx and PHP-FPM are running using the < em > same user and group< / em > < / li >
< li > both these user and group have
< ul >
< li > < code > read< / code > permissions for Shaarli resources< / li >
< li > < code > execute< / code > permissions for Shaarli directories < em > AND< / em > their parent directories< / li >
< / ul > < / li >
< / ul >
< p > On a production server:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > user:group< / code > will likely be < code > http:http< / code > , < code > www:www< / code > or < code > www-data:www-data< / code > < / li >
< li > files will be located under < code > /var/www< / code > , < code > /var/http< / code > or < code > /usr/share/nginx< / code > < / li >
< / ul >
< p > On a development server:< / p >
< ul >
< li > files may be located in a user's home directory< / li >
< li > in this case, make sure both Nginx and PHP-FPM are running as the local user/group!< / li >
< / ul >
< p > For all following examples, a development configuration will be used:< / p >
< ul >
< li > < code > user:group = john:users< / code > ,< / li >
< / ul >
< p > which corresponds to the following service configuration:< / p >
< pre class = "sourceCode ini" > < code class = "sourceCode ini" > < span class = "co" > ; /etc/php/php-fpm.conf< / span >
< span class = "dt" > user < / span > < span class = "ot" > =< / span > < span class = "st" > john< / span >
< span class = "dt" > group < / span > < span class = "ot" > =< / span > < span class = "st" > users< / span >
< span class = "kw" > [...][]< / span > < span class = "dt" > (.html)< / span >
< span class = "dt" > listen.owner < / span > < span class = "ot" > =< / span > < span class = "st" > john< / span >
< span class = "dt" > listen.group < / span > < span class = "ot" > =< / span > < span class = "st" > users< / span > < / code > < / pre >
< pre class = "nginx" > < code > # /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user john users;
http {
[...][](.html)
}< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "minimal-1" > Minimal< / h3 >
< p > < em > WARNING: Use for development only!< / em > < / p >
< pre class = "nginx" > < code > user john users;
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
keepalive_timeout 20;
index index.html index.php;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
root /home/john/web;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
location /shaarli/ {
access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
}
location ~ (index)\.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
}< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "modular" > Modular< / h3 >
< p > The previous setup is sufficient for development purposes, but has several major caveats:< / p >
< ul >
< li > every content that does not match the PHP rule will be sent to client browsers:
< ul >
< li > dotfiles - in our case, < code > .htaccess< / code > < / li >
< li > temporary files, e.g. Vim or Emacs files: < code > index.php~< / code > < / li >
< / ul > < / li >
< li > asset / static resource caching is not optimized< / li >
< li > if serving several PHP sites, there will be a lot of duplication: < code > location /shaarli/< / code > , < code > location /mysite/< / code > , etc.< / li >
< / ul >
< p > To solve this, we will split Nginx configuration in several parts, that will be included when needed:< / p >
< pre class = "nginx" > < code > # /etc/nginx/deny.conf
location ~ /\. {
# deny access to dotfiles
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
deny all;
}
location ~ ~$ {
# deny access to temp editor files, e.g. " script.php~"
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
deny all;
}< / code > < / pre >
< pre class = "nginx" > < code > # /etc/nginx/php.conf
location ~ (index)\.php$ {
# proxy PHP requests to PHP-FPM
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}< / code > < / pre >
< pre class = "nginx" > < code > # /etc/nginx/static_assets.conf
location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
expires max;
add_header Pragma public;
add_header Cache-Control " public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate" ;
}< / code > < / pre >
< pre class = "nginx" > < code > # /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[...][](.html)
http {
[...][](.html)
root /home/john/web;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
server {
# virtual host for a first domain
listen 80;
server_name my.first.domain.org;
location /shaarli/ {
access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
}
include deny.conf;
include static_assets.conf;
include php.conf;
}
server {
# virtual host for a second domain
listen 80;
server_name second.domain.com;
location /minigal/ {
access_log /var/log/nginx/minigal.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/minigal.error.log;
}
include deny.conf;
include static_assets.conf;
include php.conf;
}
}< / code > < / pre >
< h3 id = "redirect-http-to-https" > Redirect HTTP to HTTPS< / h3 >
< p > Assuming you have generated a (self-signed) key and certificate, and they are located under < code > /home/john/ssl/localhost.{key,crt}< / code > , it is pretty straightforward to set an HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443) redirection to force SSL/TLS usage.< / p >
< pre class = "nginx" > < code > # /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[...][](.html)
http {
[...][](.html)
index index.html index.php;
root /home/john/web;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
return 301 https://localhost$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name localhost;
ssl_certificate /home/john/ssl/localhost.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /home/john/ssl/localhost.key;
location /shaarli/ {
access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
}
include deny.conf;
include static_assets.conf;
include php.conf;
}
}< / code > < / pre >
< / body >
< / html >
