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MyShaarli/doc/Server-configuration.html
VirtualTam f8b936e7e7 Doc: sync from Wiki, generate HTML 
Additions:
 - Installation/Download: how to get Shaarli
 - Community software: ShaarliOS app

Modifications:
 - Installation/Server requirements: PHP 5.4 EOL, PHP 7 announcements
 - Installation/Server configuration: improve Nginx security
 - Troubleshooting: PHP sessions on `free.fr`

Signed-off-by: VirtualTam <virtualtam@flibidi.net>
2015-09-04 21:32:25 +02:00

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<li><a href="Server-requirements.html">Server requirements</a></li>
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<li><a href="Shaarli-configuration.html">Shaarli configuration</a></li>
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</div>
<h1 id="server-configuration">Server configuration</h1>
<p><em>Example virtual host configurations for popular web servers</em></p>
<ul>
<li><a href="#apache">Apache</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="#lighthttpd">LightHttpd</a> (empty)<a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="#nginx">Nginx</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="prerequisites">Prerequisites</h2>
<ul>
<li>Shaarli is installed in a directory readable/writeable by the user</li>
<li>the correct read/write permissions have been granted to the web server <em>user and/or group</em></li>
<li>for HTTPS / SSL:</li>
<li>a key pair (public, private) and a certificate have been generated</li>
<li>the appropriate server SSL extension is installed and active</li>
</ul>
<p>Related guides:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.xenocafe.com/tutorials/linux/centos/openssl/self_signed_certificates/index.php">How to Create Self-Signed SSL Certificates with OpenSSL</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="https://workaround.org/certificate-authority">How do I create my own Certificate Authority?</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
</ul>
<h2 id="apache">Apache</h2>
<h3 id="minimal">Minimal</h3>
<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="debug---log-all-the-things">Debug - Log all the things!</h3>
<p>This configuration will log both Apache and PHP errors, which may prove useful to identify server configuration errors.</p>
<p>See:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://stackoverflow.com/q/176">Apache/PHP - error log per VirtualHost</a> (StackOverflow)<a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="PHP:%20php_value%20vs%20php_admin_value%20and%20the%20use%20of%20php_flag%20explained">PHP: php_value vs php_admin_value and the use of php_flag explained</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
</ul>
<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
<span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
ErrorLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
php_flag log_errors on
php_flag display_errors on
php_value error_reporting 2147483647
php_value error_log /var/log/apache2/shaarli-php-error.log
<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="standard---keep-access-and-error-logs">Standard - Keep access and error logs</h3>
<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
<span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
ErrorLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
<h3 id="paranoid---redirect-http-80-to-https-443">Paranoid - Redirect HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443)</h3>
<p>See <a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Apache">Server-side TLS</a> (Mozilla).<a href=".html"></a></p>
<pre class="sourceCode apache"><code class="sourceCode apache"><span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:443</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
DocumentRoot<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span>
<span class="ot">SSLEngine</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">on</span>
SSLCertificateFile<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/the/website/certificate.crt</span>
SSLCertificateKeyFile<span class="st"> /absolute/path/to/the/website/key.key</span>
<span class="fu">&lt;Directory</span><span class="ot"> /absolute/path/to/shaarli/</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
<span class="ot">AllowOverride</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">All</span>
<span class="ot">Options</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">Indexes</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">FollowSymLinks</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">MultiViews</span>
<span class="ot">Order</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">allow,deny</span>
allow<span class="st"> from all</span>
<span class="fu">&lt;/Directory&gt;</span>
<span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
ErrorLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span>
<span class="fu">&lt;VirtualHost</span><span class="ot"> *:80</span><span class="fu">&gt;</span>
ServerName<span class="st"> shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
Redirect<span class="st"> 301 / https://shaarli.my-domain.org</span>
<span class="ot">LogLevel</span><span class="ch"> </span><span class="kw">warn</span>
ErrorLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log</span>
CustomLog<span class="st"> /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined</span>
<span class="fu">&lt;/VirtualHost&gt;</span></code></pre>
<h2 id="lighthttpd">LightHttpd</h2>
<h2 id="nginx">Nginx</h2>
<h3 id="foreword">Foreword</h3>
<p>Nginx does not natively interpret PHP scripts; to this effect, we will run a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastCGI">FastCGI</a> service, to which Nginx's FastCGI module will proxy all requests to PHP resources.<a href=".html"></a></p>
<p>Required packages:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://nginx.org">nginx</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="http://php-fpm.org">php-fpm</a> - PHP FastCGI Process Manager<a href=".html"></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Official documentation:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html">Beginner's guide</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html">ngx_http_fastcgi_module</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls">Pitfalls</a><a href=".html"></a></li>
</ul>
<p>Community resources:</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Nginx">Server-side TLS (Nginx)</a> (Mozilla)<a href=".html"></a></li>
<li><a href="http://kbeezie.com/nginx-configuration-examples/">PHP configuration examples</a> (Karl Blessing)<a href=".html"></a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="common-setup">Common setup</h3>
<p>Once Nginx and PHP-FPM are installed, we need to ensure:</p>
<ul>
<li>Nginx and PHP-FPM are running using the <em>same user and group</em></li>
<li>both these user and group have
<ul>
<li><code>read</code> permissions for Shaarli resources</li>
<li><code>execute</code> permissions for Shaarli directories <em>AND</em> their parent directories</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
<p>On a production server:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>user:group</code> will likely be <code>http:http</code>, <code>www:www</code> or <code>www-data:www-data</code></li>
<li>files will be located under <code>/var/www</code>, <code>/var/http</code> or <code>/usr/share/nginx</code></li>
</ul>
<p>On a development server:</p>
<ul>
<li>files may be located in a user's home directory</li>
<li>in this case, make sure both Nginx and PHP-FPM are running as the local user/group!</li>
</ul>
<p>For all following examples, a development configuration will be used:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>user:group = john:users</code>,</li>
</ul>
<p>which corresponds to the following service configuration:</p>
<pre class="sourceCode ini"><code class="sourceCode ini"><span class="co">; /etc/php/php-fpm.conf</span>
<span class="dt">user </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> john</span>
<span class="dt">group </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> users</span>
<span class="kw">[...][]</span><span class="dt">(.html)</span>
<span class="dt">listen.owner </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> john</span>
<span class="dt">listen.group </span><span class="ot">=</span><span class="st"> users</span></code></pre>
<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user john users;
http {
[...][](.html)
}</code></pre>
<h3 id="minimal-1">Minimal</h3>
<p><em>WARNING: Use for development only!</em></p>
<pre class="nginx"><code>user john users;
worker_processes 1;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
keepalive_timeout 20;
index index.html index.php;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
root /home/john/web;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
location /shaarli/ {
access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
}
location ~ (index)\.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
}
}</code></pre>
<h3 id="modular">Modular</h3>
<p>The previous setup is sufficient for development purposes, but has several major caveats:</p>
<ul>
<li>every content that does not match the PHP rule will be sent to client browsers:
<ul>
<li>dotfiles - in our case, <code>.htaccess</code></li>
<li>temporary files, e.g. Vim or Emacs files: <code>index.php~</code></li>
</ul></li>
<li>asset / static resource caching is not optimized</li>
<li>if serving several PHP sites, there will be a lot of duplication: <code>location /shaarli/</code>, <code>location /mysite/</code>, etc.</li>
</ul>
<p>To solve this, we will split Nginx configuration in several parts, that will be included when needed:</p>
<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/deny.conf
location ~ /\. {
# deny access to dotfiles
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
deny all;
}
location ~ ~$ {
# deny access to temp editor files, e.g. &quot;script.php~&quot;
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
deny all;
}</code></pre>
<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/php.conf
location ~ (index)\.php$ {
# filter and proxy PHP requests to PHP-FPM
fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi.conf;
}
location ~ \.php$ {
# deny access to all other PHP scripts
deny all;
}</code></pre>
<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/static_assets.conf
location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
expires max;
add_header Pragma public;
add_header Cache-Control &quot;public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate&quot;;
}</code></pre>
<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[...][](.html)
http {
[...][](.html)
root /home/john/web;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
server {
# virtual host for a first domain
listen 80;
server_name my.first.domain.org;
location /shaarli/ {
access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
}
include deny.conf;
include static_assets.conf;
include php.conf;
}
server {
# virtual host for a second domain
listen 80;
server_name second.domain.com;
location /minigal/ {
access_log /var/log/nginx/minigal.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/minigal.error.log;
}
include deny.conf;
include static_assets.conf;
include php.conf;
}
}</code></pre>
<h3 id="redirect-http-to-https">Redirect HTTP to HTTPS</h3>
<p>Assuming you have generated a (self-signed) key and certificate, and they are located under <code>/home/john/ssl/localhost.{key,crt}</code>, it is pretty straightforward to set an HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443) redirection to force SSL/TLS usage.</p>
<pre class="nginx"><code># /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
[...][](.html)
http {
[...][](.html)
index index.html index.php;
root /home/john/web;
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
return 301 https://localhost$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name localhost;
ssl_certificate /home/john/ssl/localhost.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /home/john/ssl/localhost.key;
location /shaarli/ {
access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
}
include deny.conf;
include static_assets.conf;
include php.conf;
}
}</code></pre>
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