337 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
337 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
#Server configuration
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*Example virtual host configurations for popular web servers*
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- [Apache](#apache)[](.html)
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- [Nginx](#nginx)[](.html)
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## Prerequisites
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### Shaarli
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* Shaarli is installed in a directory readable/writeable by the user
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* the correct read/write permissions have been granted to the web server _user and/or group_
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* for HTTPS / SSL:
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* a key pair (public, private) and a certificate have been generated
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* the appropriate server SSL extension is installed and active
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### HTTPS, TLS and self-signed certificates
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Related guides:
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* [How to Create Self-Signed SSL Certificates with OpenSSL](http://www.xenocafe.com/tutorials/linux/centos/openssl/self_signed_certificates/index.php)[](.html)
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* [How do I create my own Certificate Authority?](https://workaround.org/certificate-authority)[](.html)
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* Generate a self-signed certificate (will trigger browser warnings) with apache2: `make-ssl-cert generate-default-snakeoil --force-overwrite` will create `/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem` and `/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key`
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### Proxies
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If Shaarli is served behind a proxy (i.e. there is a proxy server between clients and the web server hosting Shaarli), please refer to the proxy server documentation for proper configuration. In particular, you have to ensure that the following server variables are properly set:
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- `X-Forwarded-Proto`;
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- `X-Forwarded-Host`;
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- `X-Forwarded-For`.
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See also [proxy-related](https://github.com/shaarli/Shaarli/issues?utf8=%E2%9C%93&q=label%3Aproxy+) issues.[](.html)
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## Apache
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### Minimal
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```apache
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<VirtualHost *:80>
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ServerName shaarli.my-domain.org
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DocumentRoot /absolute/path/to/shaarli/
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</VirtualHost>
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```
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### Debug - Log all the things!
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This configuration will log both Apache and PHP errors, which may prove useful to identify server configuration errors.
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See:
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* [Apache/PHP - error log per VirtualHost](http://stackoverflow.com/q/176) (StackOverflow)[](.html)
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* [PHP: php_value vs php_admin_value and the use of php_flag explained](https://ma.ttias.be/php-php_value-vs-php_admin_value-and-the-use-of-php_flag-explained/)[](.html)
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```apache
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<VirtualHost *:80>
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ServerName shaarli.my-domain.org
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DocumentRoot /absolute/path/to/shaarli/
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LogLevel warn
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ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log
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CustomLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined
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php_flag log_errors on
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php_flag display_errors on
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php_value error_reporting 2147483647
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php_value error_log /var/log/apache2/shaarli-php-error.log
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</VirtualHost>
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```
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### Standard - Keep access and error logs
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```apache
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<VirtualHost *:80>
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ServerName shaarli.my-domain.org
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DocumentRoot /absolute/path/to/shaarli/
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LogLevel warn
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ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log
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CustomLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined
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</VirtualHost>
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```
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### Paranoid - Redirect HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443)
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See [Server-side TLS](https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Apache) (Mozilla).[](.html)
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```apache
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<VirtualHost *:443>
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ServerName shaarli.my-domain.org
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DocumentRoot /absolute/path/to/shaarli/
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SSLEngine on
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SSLCertificateFile /absolute/path/to/the/website/certificate.pem
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SSLCertificateKeyFile /absolute/path/to/the/website/key.key
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<Directory /absolute/path/to/shaarli/>
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AllowOverride All
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Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
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Order allow,deny
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allow from all
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</Directory>
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LogLevel warn
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ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log
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CustomLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined
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</VirtualHost>
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<VirtualHost *:80>
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ServerName shaarli.my-domain.org
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Redirect 301 / https://shaarli.my-domain.org
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LogLevel warn
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ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-error.log
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CustomLog /var/log/apache2/shaarli-access.log combined
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</VirtualHost>
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```
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## LightHttpd
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## Nginx
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### Foreword
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Nginx does not natively interpret PHP scripts; to this effect, we will run a [FastCGI](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FastCGI) service, to which Nginx's FastCGI module will proxy all requests to PHP resources.[](.html)
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Required packages:
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- [nginx](http://nginx.org)[](.html)
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- [php-fpm](http://php-fpm.org) - PHP FastCGI Process Manager[](.html)
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Official documentation:
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- [Beginner's guide](http://nginx.org/en/docs/beginners_guide.html)[](.html)
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- [ngx_http_fastcgi_module](http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_fastcgi_module.html)[](.html)
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- [Pitfalls](http://wiki.nginx.org/Pitfalls)[](.html)
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Community resources:
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- [Server-side TLS (Nginx)](https://wiki.mozilla.org/Security/Server_Side_TLS#Nginx) (Mozilla)[](.html)
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- [PHP configuration examples](http://kbeezie.com/nginx-configuration-examples/) (Karl Blessing)[](.html)
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### Common setup
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Once Nginx and PHP-FPM are installed, we need to ensure:
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- Nginx and PHP-FPM are running using the _same user and group_
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- both these user and group have
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- `read` permissions for Shaarli resources
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- `execute` permissions for Shaarli directories _AND_ their parent directories
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On a production server:
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- `user:group` will likely be `http:http`, `www:www` or `www-data:www-data`
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- files will be located under `/var/www`, `/var/http` or `/usr/share/nginx`
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On a development server:
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- files may be located in a user's home directory
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- in this case, make sure both Nginx and PHP-FPM are running as the local user/group!
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For all following examples, a development configuration will be used:
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- `user:group = john:users`,
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which corresponds to the following service configuration:
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```ini
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; /etc/php/php-fpm.conf
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user = john
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group = users
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[...][](.html)
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listen.owner = john
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listen.group = users
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```
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```nginx
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# /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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user john users;
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http {
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[...][](.html)
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}
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```
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### Minimal
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_WARNING: Use for development only!_
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```nginx
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user john users;
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worker_processes 1;
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events {
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worker_connections 1024;
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}
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http {
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include mime.types;
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default_type application/octet-stream;
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keepalive_timeout 20;
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index index.html index.php;
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name localhost;
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root /home/john/web;
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access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
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error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
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location /shaarli/ {
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access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
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error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
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}
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location ~ (index)\.php$ {
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fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
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fastcgi_index index.php;
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include fastcgi.conf;
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}
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}
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}
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```
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### Modular
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The previous setup is sufficient for development purposes, but has several major caveats:
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- every content that does not match the PHP rule will be sent to client browsers:
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- dotfiles - in our case, `.htaccess`
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- temporary files, e.g. Vim or Emacs files: `index.php~`
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- asset / static resource caching is not optimized
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- if serving several PHP sites, there will be a lot of duplication: `location /shaarli/`, `location /mysite/`, etc.
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To solve this, we will split Nginx configuration in several parts, that will be included when needed:
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```nginx
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# /etc/nginx/deny.conf
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location ~ /\. {
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# deny access to dotfiles
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access_log off;
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log_not_found off;
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deny all;
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}
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location ~ ~$ {
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# deny access to temp editor files, e.g. "script.php~"
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access_log off;
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log_not_found off;
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deny all;
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}
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```
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```nginx
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# /etc/nginx/php.conf
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location ~ (index)\.php$ {
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# filter and proxy PHP requests to PHP-FPM
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fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
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fastcgi_index index.php;
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include fastcgi.conf;
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}
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location ~ \.php$ {
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# deny access to all other PHP scripts
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deny all;
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}
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```
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```nginx
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# /etc/nginx/static_assets.conf
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location ~* \.(?:ico|css|js|gif|jpe?g|png)$ {
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expires max;
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add_header Pragma public;
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add_header Cache-Control "public, must-revalidate, proxy-revalidate";
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}
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```
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```nginx
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# /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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[...][](.html)
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http {
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[...][](.html)
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root /home/john/web;
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access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
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error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
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server {
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# virtual host for a first domain
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listen 80;
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server_name my.first.domain.org;
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location /shaarli/ {
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access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
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error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
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}
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include deny.conf;
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include static_assets.conf;
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include php.conf;
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}
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server {
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# virtual host for a second domain
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listen 80;
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server_name second.domain.com;
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location /minigal/ {
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access_log /var/log/nginx/minigal.access.log;
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error_log /var/log/nginx/minigal.error.log;
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}
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include deny.conf;
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include static_assets.conf;
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include php.conf;
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}
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}
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```
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### Redirect HTTP to HTTPS
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Assuming you have generated a (self-signed) key and certificate, and they are located under `/home/john/ssl/localhost.{key,crt}`, it is pretty straightforward to set an HTTP (:80) to HTTPS (:443) redirection to force SSL/TLS usage.
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```nginx
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# /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
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[...][](.html)
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http {
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[...][](.html)
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index index.html index.php;
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root /home/john/web;
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access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
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error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
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server {
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listen 80;
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server_name localhost;
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return 301 https://localhost$request_uri;
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}
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server {
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listen 443 ssl;
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server_name localhost;
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ssl_certificate /home/john/ssl/localhost.crt;
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ssl_certificate_key /home/john/ssl/localhost.key;
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location /shaarli/ {
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access_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.access.log;
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error_log /var/log/nginx/shaarli.error.log;
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}
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include deny.conf;
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include static_assets.conf;
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include php.conf;
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}
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}
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```
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